Medv\u011bd je symbolem s\u00edly, moci a prvotn\u00ed divokosti. Jeho obraz se objevuje v erbech, vlajk\u00e1ch, m\u00fdtech a lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 od Severn\u00ed Ameriky po Sibi\u0159. Za t\u00edmto impozantn\u00edm vzhledem se v\u0161ak skr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b komplexn\u00ed, inteligentn\u00ed a dokonce sentiment\u00e1ln\u00ed tvor. Medv\u011bdi jsou v\u00edc ne\u017e jen pred\u00e1to\u0159i; jsou v\u0161e\u017erav\u00ed, vysoce inteligentn\u00ed, pe\u010duj\u00ed o sv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata a jsou schopni hlubok\u00fdch emoc\u00ed. Dnes je v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina druh\u016f medv\u011bd\u016f ohro\u017eena \u2013 a jejich budoucnost z\u00e1vis\u00ed na n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n
Existuje osm druh\u016f medv\u011bd\u016f: hn\u011bd\u00fd (v\u010detn\u011b grizzlyho), pol\u00e1rn\u00ed (pol\u00e1rn\u00ed), \u010dern\u00fd (americk\u00fd), malajsk\u00fd (nejmen\u0161\u00ed), him\u00e1lajsk\u00fd, ussurijsk\u00fd (neboli amursk\u00fd), br\u00fdlat\u00fd (jihoamerick\u00fd) a panda velk\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00fd druh je jedine\u010dn\u00fd: ledn\u00ed medv\u011bd je mo\u0159sk\u00fd pred\u00e1tor z\u00e1visl\u00fd na ledu; panda se \u017eiv\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b bambusem; slune\u010dn\u00ed medv\u011bd je nejlep\u0161\u00edm lezcem mezi medv\u011bdy. V\u0161ichni medv\u011bdi v\u0161ak sd\u00edlej\u00ed silnou stavbu t\u011bla, zv\u011bdavost a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost.<\/p>\n
Medv\u011bdi pat\u0159\u00ed k nejinteligentn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm savc\u016fm. Mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00e1stroje, jako je h\u00e1zen\u00ed kamen\u016f nebo klac\u00edk\u016f, aby se dostaly k potrav\u011b. Pandy v zoologick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch \u0159e\u0161\u00ed logick\u00e9 h\u00e1danky a medv\u011bdi hn\u011bd\u00ed si pamatuj\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00ed trasy losos\u016f a rok co rok se k nim vracej\u00ed. Maj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, prostorov\u00e9 uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a schopnost u\u010dit se ze zku\u0161enost\u00ed \u2013 vlastn\u00edch i ciz\u00edch. V experimentech medv\u011bdi prok\u00e1zali schopnost uva\u017eovat o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b a n\u00e1sledku.<\/p>\n
Medv\u011bdice jsou p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00fdmi matkami. Jejich b\u0159ezost trv\u00e1 6\u20139 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, ale embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj se zastavuje a\u017e do zimy \u2013 tento jev se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201eopo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 implantace\u201c. Ml\u00e1\u010fata medv\u011bd\u016f se rod\u00ed v zim\u011b v doup\u011bti, slep\u00e1 a bezmocn\u00e1, v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pouh\u00fdch 300\u2013500 gram\u016f. Matka je krm\u00ed, zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a chr\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 bez pohybu po dobu 3\u20134 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby nej\u00ed ani nepije a ztr\u00e1c\u00ed a\u017e 40 % sv\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti. Jak ml\u00e1\u010fata rostou, u\u010d\u00ed je lovit, \u0161plhat a vyh\u00fdbat se nebezpe\u010d\u00ed \u2013 a teprve po 1,5\u20133 letech se osamostat\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Medv\u011bdi nejsou agresivn\u00ed bezd\u016fvodn\u011b. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u00fatok\u016f na \u010dlov\u011bka se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e medv\u011bd chr\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata, je zran\u011bn nebo zahn\u00e1n do kouta. Medv\u011bd by norm\u00e1ln\u011b rad\u011bji uprchl \u2013 \u010dlov\u011bka sly\u0161\u00ed a c\u00edt\u00ed dokonale na kilometr. V m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo na turistick\u00fdch stezk\u00e1ch se v\u0161ak probl\u00e9m \u201ekonfliktn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f\u201c zhor\u0161uje: zv\u00ed\u0159ata si zvyknou j\u00edst z odpadkov\u00fdch ko\u0161\u016f nebo z rukou turist\u016f, ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed strach a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm nen\u00ed je zab\u00edt, ale odstra\u0161it je a pou\u010dit lidi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Zimn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek je dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u017easnou vlastnost\u00ed. Medv\u011bdi ve skute\u010dnosti nehibernuj\u00ed jako svi\u0161ti \u2013 jejich teplota kles\u00e1 jen m\u00edrn\u011b a mohou se probudit. B\u011bhem \u201et\u011bhotensk\u00e9 hibernace\u201c samice rod\u00ed a koj\u00ed sv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata, ani\u017e by opustila sv\u00e9 doup\u011b. T\u011blo medv\u011bdice p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje odpad na b\u00edlkoviny \u2013 mo\u010d se recykluje, nikoli vylu\u010duje. Tento jedine\u010dn\u00fd fyziologick\u00fd proces v\u011bdci studuj\u00ed v nad\u011bji, \u017ee jej vyu\u017eij\u00ed v medic\u00edn\u011b k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin u lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Medv\u011bdi hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v ekosyst\u00e9mu. Rozn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed semena rostlin (v\u00fdkaly), reguluj\u00ed populace kopytn\u00edk\u016f a \u201e\u010dist\u00ed\u201c les potravou. Ledn\u00ed medv\u011bdi jsou ukazateli zdrav\u00ed Arktidy: jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1vis\u00ed na stavu ledov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkrovu. Pandy jsou symboly ochrany biodiverzity: \u00fasil\u00ed o ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody pomohlo zachovat cel\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my v \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n
Bohu\u017eel je \u0161est z osmi druh\u016f medv\u011bd\u016f ohro\u017een\u00fdch. Hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami jsou ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, pytl\u00e1ctv\u00ed (kv\u016fli \u017elu\u010di, tlapk\u00e1m a srsti), zm\u011bna klimatu (zejm\u00e9na u ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f) a konflikty s lidmi. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed programy, jako je Kam\u010datsk\u00e1 medv\u011bd\u00ed hl\u00eddka a Polar Bears International, pracuj\u00ed na ochran\u011b, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tomu vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed koridor\u016f mezi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi rezervacemi, instalace \u201emedv\u011bd\u00edch ko\u0161\u016f\u201c na odpadky a ekoturistika, kter\u00e1 dodr\u017euje p\u0159edpisy.<\/p>\n
Medv\u011bd je posv\u00e1tn\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem pro mnoho n\u00e1rod\u016f: severn\u00ed n\u00e1rody Ruska, severoamerick\u00e9 Indi\u00e1ny a ugrofinsk\u00e9 kmeny. Zabit\u00ed medv\u011bda bylo doprov\u00e1zeno ritu\u00e1ly a jeho \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla byly uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny s \u00factou. Dnes jsme toto spojen\u00ed ztratili a medv\u011bda \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1me pouze jako p\u0159edm\u011bt strachu nebo ko\u0159ist. Obnoven\u00ed \u00facty k tomuto zv\u00ed\u0159eti nen\u00ed jen ot\u00e1zkou etiky, ale i ekologie.<\/p>\n
Medv\u011bd n\u00e1s u\u010d\u00ed s\u00edle, trp\u011blivosti, mate\u0159sk\u00e9 l\u00e1sce a moudrosti. Nen\u00ed to ani monstrum, ani hra\u010dka, ale komplexn\u00ed, majest\u00e1tn\u00ed tvor, jeho\u017e osud je propojen s na\u0161\u00edm. Z\u00e1chrana medv\u011bda znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1chranu les\u016f, \u0159ek, hor a celistvosti p\u0159\u00edrody. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee pomoci: t\u00edm, \u017ee nebudeme krmit divok\u00e9 medv\u011bdy, budeme podporovat p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace a budeme u\u010dit d\u011bti pravdu o t\u011bchto \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159atech. Koneckonc\u016f, p\u00e1n lesa si zaslou\u017e\u00ed \u00factu, ne strach.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Medv\u011bd je symbolem s\u00edly, moci a prvotn\u00ed divokosti. Jeho obraz se objevuje v erbech, vlajk\u00e1ch, m\u00fdtech a lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 od Severn\u00ed Ameriky po Sibi\u0159. Za t\u00edmto…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":90,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divoka-zver"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=89"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91,"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89\/revisions\/91"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/90"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=89"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=89"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rabbrconfr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=89"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}